Tankin ajiya na ruwa na ammonia
Ruwan ammonia yana cikin jerin sinadarai masu haɗari saboda halayensa masu kama da wuta, fashewa, da kuma guba. A cewar "Gano Manyan Tushen Sinadarai Masu Haɗari" (GB18218-2009), babban adadin ajiyar ammonia da ya wuce tan 10*** shine babban tushen haɗari. Duk tankunan ajiyar ammonia na ruwa an rarraba su zuwa nau'ikan tasoshin matsin lamba guda uku. Yanzu bincika halaye masu haɗari da haɗari yayin samarwa da aiki da tankin ajiyar ammonia na ruwa, kuma ku ba da shawarar wasu matakan kariya da gaggawa don guje wa haɗurra.
Binciken haɗari na tankin ajiya na ammonia na ruwa yayin aiki
Halayen ammonia masu haɗari
Ammonia iska ce mara launi kuma mai haske wacce take da ƙamshi mai kauri, wacce ake iya zuba ta cikin ruwa cikin sauƙi zuwa ruwan ammonia. Ammonia ta fi iska sauƙi kuma tana narkewa cikin sauƙi a cikin ruwa. Tunda ruwan ammonia yana canzawa cikin sauƙi zuwa iskar ammonia, lokacin da aka haɗa ammonia da iska zuwa wani rabo, ana iya fallasa ta ga harshen wuta, matsakaicin iyaka shine 15-27%, a cikin iskar da ke cikin wurin aiki ***** *Abin da aka yarda da shi shine 30mg/m3. Zubar da iskar ammonia na iya haifar da guba, ƙaiƙayi ga idanu, mucosa na huhu, ko fata, kuma akwai haɗarin ƙonewa mai guba.
Binciken Hadarin Samarwa da Tsarin Aiki
1. Kula da matakin ammonia
Idan saurin fitar da ammonia ya yi yawa, ko kuma matakin sarrafa matakin ruwa ya yi ƙasa sosai, ko kuma wasu gazawar sarrafa kayan aiki, da sauransu, iskar gas mai ƙarfi za ta shiga cikin tankin ajiyar ammonia na ruwa, wanda ke haifar da matsin lamba mai yawa a cikin tankin ajiya da kuma yawan zubar ammonia, wanda hakan yana da matuƙar illa. Kula da matakin ammonia yana da matuƙar muhimmanci.
2. Ƙarfin ajiya
Ƙarfin ajiyar tankin ajiyar ammonia mai ruwa ya wuce kashi 85% na girman tankin ajiya, kuma matsin ya wuce iyakar ma'aunin sarrafawa ko kuma an yi aikin a cikin tankin da aka juya ammonia mai ruwa. Idan ba a bi ƙa'idodi da matakai ba sosai a cikin ƙa'idodin aiki, zubar da matsi mai yawa zai faru***** *hatsari.
3. Cika ruwa da sinadarin ammonia
Idan aka cika ruwan ammonia, ba a cika shi da ruwa fiye da kima bisa ga ka'idoji ba, kuma fashewar bututun cike bututun zai haifar da zubewa da kuma hatsarin guba.
Binciken haɗari na kayan aiki da wurare
1. Tsarin, dubawa, da kuma kula da tankunan ajiyar ruwa na ammonia sun ɓace ko ba su nan a wurinsu ba, kuma kayan haɗin aminci kamar ma'aunin matakin, ma'aunin matsin lamba, da bawuloli na aminci suna da lahani ko ɓoye, wanda zai iya haifar da haɗarin ɓuyawar tanki.
2. A lokacin rani ko lokacin da zafin ya yi yawa, ba a sanya tankin ajiyar ruwa na ammonia da rumfa, ruwan feshi mai sanyaya da aka gyara da sauran kayan kariya kamar yadda ake buƙata, wanda zai haifar da zubar da matsi mai yawa na tankin ajiyar.
3. Lalacewa ko gazawar kariyar walƙiya da wuraren hana tsayuwa ko kuma yin amfani da ƙasa na iya haifar da girgizar lantarki ga tankin ajiya.
4. Rashin aikin ƙararrawa, makulli, rage matsin lamba na gaggawa, ƙararrawa mai ƙonewa da guba da sauran na'urori zai haifar da haɗarin zubar da ruwa mai yawa ko faɗaɗa tankin ajiya.
Matakan rigakafin haɗari
Matakan rigakafi don aikin samar da kayayyaki
1. Aiwatar da tsauraran matakan aiki
Kula da yadda ake fitar da sinadarin ammonia a cikin ma'ajiyar roba, a kula da matakin ruwa na rabuwar sanyi da ammonia, a kiyaye matakin ruwa a cikin kewayon 1/3 zuwa 2/3, sannan a hana matakin ruwa ya yi ƙasa ko ya yi yawa.
2. A daidaita matsin lamba na tankin ajiyar ammonia mai ruwa-ruwa
Yawan ajiyar ruwa na ammonia bai kamata ya wuce kashi 85% na yawan ajiyar ba. A lokacin samarwa na yau da kullun, ya kamata a sarrafa tankin ajiyar ruwa na ammonia a ƙaramin matakin, gabaɗaya cikin kashi 30% na adadin cikewa mai aminci, don guje wa ajiyar ammonia saboda yanayin zafi na yanayi. Ƙara faɗaɗawa da ƙaruwar matsin lamba zai haifar da matsin lamba mai yawa a cikin tankin ajiyar.
3. Gargaɗi game da cika ruwa da sinadarin ammonia
Ma'aikatan da ke sanya sinadarin ammonia ya kamata su wuce horo da horo na musamman kan tsaro kafin su fara aiki. Ya kamata su saba da aiki, halaye, hanyoyin aiki, tsarin kayan haɗi, ƙa'idar aiki, halayen haɗari na ammonia mai ruwa da matakan gaggawa na magance matsalar.
Kafin a cike, ya kamata a tabbatar da ingancin takaddun shaida kamar tabbatar da gwajin lafiyar tanki, lasisin amfani da tanki, lasisin tuki, takardar shaidar rakiya, da izinin sufuri. Ya kamata kayan haɗin tsaro su kasance cikakke kuma masu laushi, kuma ya kamata a tabbatar da duba; matsin lamba a cikin tankin kafin a cika ya kamata ya zama ƙasa. Ƙasa da 0.05 MPa; ya kamata a duba aikin bututun haɗin ammonia.
Ma'aikatan da ke sanya sinadarin ammonia ya kamata su bi tsarin aikin tankin ajiyar ammonia na ruwa, kuma su kula da yawan cikawa da bai wuce kashi 85% na adadin tankin ajiyar ba lokacin cikawa.
Ma'aikatan da ke sanya sinadarin ammonia dole ne su sanya abin rufe fuska na iskar gas da safar hannu na kariya; wurin ya kamata a sanya masa kayan aikin kashe gobara da na kariya daga iskar gas; yayin cikawa, ba za su bar wurin ba, kuma su ƙarfafa duba matsin lambar motar tanki, flanges na bututun bututu don ɓuɓɓugar ruwa, da sauransu. Gas ɗin motar tanki. A sake amfani da shi zuwa tsarin daidai gwargwado kuma kada a fitar da shi yadda ake so. Idan akwai wani yanayi na daban kamar zubewa, a daina cikawa nan take, kuma a ɗauki matakai masu inganci don hana haɗurra marasa tsammani.
Za a gudanar da bincike na yau da kullun na wuraren shigar da ammonia, matakai da hanyoyin aiki, sannan a yi bincike da kuma cike bayanan.
Lokacin Saƙo: Agusta-31-2021
